APA Style requires that you document all your resources throughout your writing by citing both the author and year of the original source. This allows your reader to identify the information source in your alphabetical reference list at the end of your paper. Your in-text citations should always match your reference list.
In-Text citations always include the author and the year. Page numbers are required for direct quotes and encouraged for paraphrases/summaries.
Signal Phrases
In-Text citations rely on signal phrases to signal the reader where you received your information. Typically, signal phrases use verbs such as: stated, noted, found, etc...
Signal phrases include the author's name as part of the narrative. If the author's name is not part of the narrative, include it in the parentheses along with the date of publication.
APA Style dictates that writers use the past or present past tense when citing previous research.
Past Tense: Smith (2004) noted ...
Past Present tense: Smith (2004) has noted
Quotation Marks and Punctuation
Use quotation marks only when directly quoting a source.
Look closely at the examples for methods of formatting your punctuation and quotations.
When using a parenthetical citation, punctuation marks occur after the parentheses.
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